Memories of Poona-4

Forts around Poona

Maharashtra is rightly known as the “Land of Forts,” with nearly 450 forts spread across the state—the highest number in India. The Marathas, renowned for their courage and military skill, made the most of the rugged terrain of the Western Ghats, which offered natural strategic advantages. It is no surprise, therefore, that many forts were built on the hills surrounding Poona, serving as strongholds for defense, administration, and control.

One of the most iconic structures within Poona city itself is Shaniwar Wada, an 18th-century fortification built as the official residence of Baji Rao I and the seat of the Peshwas. The name literally means “Saturday residence.” The complex was built with five gateways and nine bastion towers surrounding a beautifully laid-out garden. It remained the administrative center of the Maratha Confederacy until 1818. Sadly, a major fire in 1828 destroyed most of the structure, leaving behind the ruins we see today.

Beyond the city lie several well-known forts such as Simhagad, Purandar, and Shivneri—each steeped in history and legend.

During my school days in Poona, I enjoyed memorable picnic trips arranged by our teachers to the Purandar and Simhagad forts. I am happy to share a few recollections of those visits.

Purandar Fort:

Located about 50 km from Pune, Purandar Fort is historically significant as the birthplace of Sambhaji, the son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. It also played a key role in Shivaji’s resistance against the Mughals. The fort has a distinctive two-tier upper and lower structure. Perched at roughly 4,500 feet above sea level, it offers breathtaking views of the Western Ghats and the surrounding countryside.

Simhagad Fort:

Situated around 36 km southwest of Pune, Simhagad (meaning Fort of the Lion) stands majestically on the Bhuleshwar range of the Sahyadris. Besides its stunning natural setting, the fort is noted for its long and dramatic history. Once under Mughal control, it was later captured by the Marathas in a legendary battle. Today, with its scenic vistas, challenging trekking paths, and historic charm, Simhagad remains one of the most popular forts.

There are several other prominent forts that I did not visit but knew of through stories and accounts.  

Shivneri Fort:

Located near Junnar, Shivneri Fort dates back to the 17th century and is revered as the birthplace of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The fort houses statues of Shivaji and his mother, Jijabai, and stands as a proud reminder of Maratha heritage.

Raigad Fort:

A monumental symbol of Maratha glory, Raigad Fort rises to about 2,700 feet and served as the capital of the Maratha Empire under Shivaji Maharaj. It remains one of the most historically significant forts in Maharashtra.