When Lord Sri Krishna departed from this world, grim darkness enveloped all over the world. There is "darkness" in His name itself - "Krishna" means dark. He was born in darkness, in the dungeon of a prison at midnight. But He had the radiance of knowledge for the entire world, and He carried the light of compassion. When He departed, “jnana” (knowledge) got eroded significantly, and darkness descended into the world. Kali, who is the evil incarnate, became powerful. All this is the sport of the Paramatman, the sport that is inscrutable. Sri Krishna, who came as a burst of light, was urged by His compassion and decided that the world must not degenerate. He thought that it could be saved by administering an antidote against the venom of Kali. This antidote was the “Vedas.” It would be enough if precautions were taken to make sure that the “Kali Man" did not devour the people- the world would be saved. In the darkness surrounding everything, the Vedas would serve the purpose of a lamp lighting the path of mankind. In the age of Kali, they would not shine with the same effulgence as in the previous Yugams (ages). But the Lord resolved that they must burn with at least the minimum of lustre to be of benefit to mankind and He ensured this through Veda Vyasa.
The great sage who was to carry out Bhagavan Krishna's resolve was not then called Veda Vyasa. Interestingly, his name too was Krishna and, since he was born and raised on an island, he had the appellation "Dvaipayana" (meaning Islander). Badarayana was another name. Krishna Dvaipayana knew all the 1,180 sakhas ( recensions) of the Vedas revealed to the world by various sages. They were mixed together in one great stream. Being remarkably gifted, our great ancestors could memorise all of them. For the benefit of weaker people like us, Vyasa divided them into four Vedas and subdivided each into sakhas. It was like building across a river and drawing the huge quantity of water through various canals. Vyasa accomplished the task of dividing the Vedas easily because he was a great yogi with vision and because he had the power gained from austerities.
The Rig-Veda sakhas contain hymns to invoke the various deities; the Yajurveda sakhas deal with the conduct of sacrifices; the Samaveda sakhas contain songs to please the deities; and the Atharvaveda sakhas, besides dealing with sacrifices, contain mantras recited to avert calamities and to destroy enemies. The Samaveda had the largest number of recensions, 1,000. In the Rig-Veda there were 21; in the Yajur 109 (Shukla-Yajur Veda 15, and Krishna Yajur Veda 94); and in the Atharvaveda 50.
While, according to one scholar, the Vishnu Purana mentions the number of sakhas to be 1,180, another version is that there were 1,133 recensions- the Rig-Veda 21, the Yajurveda 101, the Samaveda 1,000 and the Atharvaveda 11. Considering that people in the age of Kali may be inferior to their forefathers, Krishna Dvaipayana thought that it should be sufficient for them to learn one sakha of any one of the four Vedas. It was the Lord that put this idea into his head. Vyasa assigned the Rig-Veda sakhas to Paila, the Yajurveda sakhas to Vaisampayana, the Samaveda sakhas to Jaimini and the Atharvanaveda sakhas to Sumantu.
Krishna Dvaipayana came to be called "VedaVyasa" for having divided the Vedas into four and then having subdivided them into 1, 180 recensions. "Vyasa" literally means an "essay" or a "composition". Classifying topics is also known as "Vyasa."
